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Around the May 4th Movement, Hu Shi's Experimental Collection, Guo Moruo's The Goddesses, Liu Bannong, Shen Yinmo, Liu Dabai, etc. shook the orthodox position occupied by old-style metrical poems for thousands of years with vernacular poetry, and created the new style of free vernacular new poetry. The Crescent Moon School of Poetry represented by Wen Yiduo and Xu Zhimo combined new poetry and metrics, pushing vernacular new poetry forward soon after its emergence. Around the 1930s, the Symbolic School of Poetry represented by Li Jinfa and the Modern School of Poetry represented by Dai Wangshu actively integrated the methods of Chinese and foreign poetry, and further opened space for modern new poetry's development. As a link between the preceding and the following, Ai Qing made important contributions to combining various schools' advantages and strengthening new poetry's free expansion. Mu Dan and the "Nine Leaves" poets blazed a new trail for Chinese modern poetry. In the liberated region, poems such as Wang Gui and Li Xiangxiang represented active efforts for nationalization and popularization. The poetry of 17 years is closely associated with the times and reality. A number of poets including Li Ji, Wen Jie, Guo Xiaochuan and He Jingzhi showed the new times and new life in many forms such as narrative poetry, lyric poetry, free poetry, metrical poetry, landscape poetry, historical and mythical poetry, love poetry and political satirical poetry.
Guo Moruo (1892-1978), a native of Leshan, Sichuan, entered a private school in his childhood, went to Tokyo to study medicine in 1914, and later was obsessed with literature. Guo Moruo and students in Japan including Yu Dafu, Cheng Fangwu and Zhang Ziping established the Creation Society in 1921, and published the poetry collection The Goddesses in the same year. After the War of Resistance against Japan broke out in 1937, he returned to China and actively engaged himself in the movement of resisting Japan and saving the nation from extinction. Meanwhile, he also provided a wake-up call for the times and society with his literary creations, and put forward deep thoughts about the nation's fate. His historical dreams represented by Qu Yuan evoked great repercussions. "Unification of poetry and drama" is an important characteristic of all creations of Guo Moruo. His literary theories and creative practices with a special poetic quality show strong romantic characteristics, magical association and imagination, passionate creative spirit and creative talent. Read more
The "Crescent Moon Society" was founded by Xu Zhimo and others in Beijing in 1923. In the early period, the main members included writers such as Hu Shi, Chen Yuan, Ling Shuhua and Lin Huiyin, professors and celebrities in various circles. In April 1926, Wen Yiduo and Xu Zhimo established the Poetry supplement of Beijing's Morning Post, began to clearly put forward theoretical views on modern new metrical poems, gathered a number of poets, and made active attempts to create new metrical poems. The new metrical poetry school was the early "Crescent Moon School of Poetry" marked by the establishment of the Poetry supplement. After 1928, Xu Zhimo founded the "Crescent Moon" bookstore in Shanghai with Hu Shi, etc., founded the Crescent Moon magazine with Liang Shiqiu, etc., gathered a number of young poets under the flag of the "Crescent Moon" and continued to actively explore new poetry. This was the later period of the "Crescent Moon School of Poetry." In both the early period and a representative figure in it and could be called the soul of the "Crescent Moon School of Poetry." Read more
LaIn the course of Chinese modern new poetry's development, Ai Qing was a poet linking the preceding and the following. He fully absorbed the liveliness and freedom of vernacular new poetry since the May 4th Movement, created the unique framework of prose beauty featuring inner precision and harmony, and made positive contributions to modern new poetry's constant development. Read more
Mu Dan (1918-1977), a native of Haining, Zhejiang, was both a poet and a top Chinese translator. He was admitted to the Department of Foreign Languages of Tsinghua University in 1935, fled to the south after the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan, and taught at National Southwestern Associated University formed by Peking University, Tsinghua University and Nankai University. At National Southwestern Associated University, Mu Dan was fully influenced by Western modern poetry, enthusiastically translated and introduced works of Western modern poets such as Eliot, Rilke and Auden, and actively discussed new poetry's development and poetry theories. Read more